─PARA ╝PAR@ ` ¼TEXT ` ₧Stone, Lucy1818╨1893reformer, suffragist and publisherBorn in West Brookfield, Massachusetts, on August 13, 1818, Lucy Stone began to chafe at the restrictions placed on the female sex while she was still a girl. She took on various home chores in order to help relieve her mother╒s hard lot. At sixteen she began teaching╤her low salary was another irritant╤and supplemented her own education in short periods of study at Quaboag Seminary in Warren, Wesleyan Academy in Wilbraham, and in 1839 Mount Holyoke Female Seminary in South Hadley. Her determination to attend college derived in part from her general desire to better herself and in part from a specific resolve, made as a child, to learn Hebrew and Greek in order to determine if those passages in the Bible that seemed to give man dominion over woman had been properly translated. She entered Oberlin College in 1843 and graduated four years later. Already an ardent abolitionist, Stone soon became a lecturer for William Lloyd Garrison╒s American Anti-Slavery Society. She proved an effective speaker, but before long friction developed between her and the society over her insistence on speaking for women╒s rights as well. Eventually a compromise was reached, and she subsequently conducted her feminist lectures on a professional basis. On several occasions she confronted hostile and even violent reactions. In 1850 Stone led in issuing a call for a national convention on the subject of women╒s rights. That first such national convention (the 1848 meeting in Seneca Falls, New York, conducted by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott, had attracted largely local people) took place in Worcester, Massachusetts, and was presided over by Paulina Wright Davis. Stone╒s address to the convention was widely reported and drew many to the cause. She continued her lecture tours for several years, appearing frequently in ╥Bloomer╙ costume. In May 1855, despite an earlier resolution never to marry, she married Henry B. Blackwell, a Cincinnati merchant whose sisters were Elizabeth and Emily Blackwell and whose brother Samuel later married Antoinette Brown, who had been Lucy Stone╒s classmate at Oberlin. The marriage was performed by Thomas W. S. Higginson and included the reading by bride and groom of a protest against the marriage laws; afterward Lucy Stone retained her maiden name, becoming Mrs. Stone. After presiding over the seventh National Woman╒s Rights Convention in 1856 she retired for a time from public affairs to care for her daughter, Alice Stone Blackwell. During the Civil War Stone supported the Women╒s Loyal National League founded by Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. In 1866 she helped found the American Equal Rights Association. In 1867 she helped organize and was elected president of the New Jersey Woman Suffrage Association. In the same year she joined in the campaigns for woman suffrage amendments in Kansas and New York. She helped organize the New England Woman Suffrage Association in 1868 and the next year moved from Orange, New Jersey, to Boston. In 1869 a major schism occurred in the ranks of feminists. Anthony and Stanton headed one faction that favored pushing for a broad front of reforms, including labor organization and divorce law reform, and that favored defeating the proposed Fifteenth Amendment if it were not broadened to include woman suffrage; they formed the National Woman Suffrage Association in May. Lucy Stone, Julia Ward Howe, and other more conservative reformers, put off by the other faction╒s eclectic approach and by its acceptance of such supporters as the notorious Victoria Woodhull, formed in November the American Woman Suffrage Association. While serving on the association╒s executive board, Stone raised money to launch the weekly Woman╒s Journal in 1870, and in 1872 she and her husband succeeded Mary A. Livermore as editors. The journal remained over the years the staunchest and most respected journalistic voice of the suffrage movement; it continued to appear until 1917, in later years under the editorship of Alice Blackwell. The schism in the movement was finally healed in 1890, in large part through Alice Blackwell╒s initiative, and Lucy Stone was thereafter chairman of the executive board of the merged National American Woman Suffrage Association. Her last lectures were delivered at the World╒s Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. She died in Dorchester (part of Boston), Massachusetts, on October 18, 1893. .styl ` ( ! ¬ 5¬ 5¬ : !I ÿ 5¬ Ö !I m 5¬ n !I - !I ▐ C !I H !I ▐ U !I ╝ !I ▐ ╨ !I r !I ▐ y !I !I ▐ !I !I ▐ & !I N !I ▐ ^ !I ≡ !I ▐
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